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Although consistent condom use can significantly reduce HIV transmission risk among serodiscordant couples, it has not been extensively studied in Ethiopia. Heterosexual transmission within serodiscordant relationships is the core source of new HIV infections. 84 - Islamic Speech.Background.
The statistical significance of the variables was declared at a value of less than 0.05. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with consistent condom use. Qualitative data were collected using gender-matched four focus group discussions. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. For the quantitative findings to be more robust and reliable, a qualitative design was incorporated. A cross-sectional was conducted from October 2019 to June 2020.
There should be an increased focus on student and employee intervention as well. To improve condom use consistently, planners, policymakers, and health care practitioners should consider the factors listed above when making decisions. Despite its importance, the proportion of consistent condom use among serodiscordant couples was significantly low. After controlling for all other variables, unmarried partners, and students and employees, and , respectively, were less likely consistently use condoms, whereas couples living together, , receiving counseling about condom use, , and having more knowledge about HIV, were more likely to use condoms consistently.
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The vast majority of people living with HIV (PLWHA) are from low-and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region that accounts for about two-thirds of the global total new HIV infections. The disease has claimed more than 35 million lives globally.
As per the findings of previous studies, the risk of transmission among serodiscordant couples is predicted by many variables. The percentage of serodiscordant partnerships is 0–6% in generalized epidemics and 9–17% in concentrated epidemics of HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that half of the HIV-positive people have a negative couple. Repeated low-risk sexual acts will be translated into a significant cumulative risk over time, especially with unprotected sexual experiences.
Despite its significance, consistent condom use is underutilized. Currently, many countries are getting on the fast-track targets to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. The world has exceeded the AIDS targets of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6, halting and reversing the spread of HIV. Among those prevention methods, consistent and correct condom use is a critical component in a comprehensive and sustainable approach to the prevention of HIV. Abstaining from sex, having sex with only one uninfected partner, using condoms are well-known ABC methods of preventing HIV transmission.
Deprived of any interventions, the annual rate of HIV transmission is 6.3% among the negative serodiscordant partners. Among HIV serodiscordant couples with HIV, 65-85% have acquired the infection from their partners. The issue is significantly high in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia.
The findings will have a crucial input to the policymakers and planners in updating and designing interventions in reducing new HIV infections. Therefore, this study is aimed at finding the magnitude and factors associated with consistent condom use. This is a source of new infection for seronegative spouses and newborn babies. Although we need such healthy people, HIV serodiscordant couples are increasing through time. The result will also ensure the continuum of care so that healthy couples and their offspring will be transformed into healthy adolescents.
The Zone has an estimated population of 3,034,327, of which Dessie city comprises 218,471(unpublished observation, Zonal Annual Plan) total population. It is located 401 kilometers to the north of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Dessie is the main city of the South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State. Study Area and PeriodThis study was conducted from October 2019 to June 2020 in Dessie city public health institutions. The result will also have vital importance for clinicians, public health specialists, nongovernmental initiatives, and future researchers in HIV among couples.
For the findings of inconsistent use of condoms more robust and reliable, a mixed-method study was conducted among the serodiscordant couples. Study Design and Study ParticipantsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. All the ART providing institutions were included in the study.
Two FGDs were employed in each gender that used condoms consistently and inconsistently. The participants for the qualitative study were the seropositive couples who were on ART follow-up. Similarly, four gender-matched foci group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. In addition, participants who were unable to communicate during the data collection period were excluded from the study. Participants were excluded if they were single or had separated from their sexual partners. The recruited participants were HIV-positive partners of the serodiscordant couples, sexually active during the study period, at least 18 years of age, aware of their HIV serological status, and could provide informed consent to participate in the study.
The tool was initially developed in English, translated to Amharic, and then pretested to ensure its cultural acceptance and understanding by the study subjects and data collectors. We did not use any criteria to recruit the participants except gender and consistent condom use status in the FGD.A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was designed based on the existing previous studies. Therefore, a total of 36 (17 females and 19 males) participated from both consistent condom users and nonusers. The number of participants in the qualitative design was determined based on the information gained to attain the objectives stated.
The descriptive statistics were used to compute the frequency distribution of categorical variables and means and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables. Data were coded according to the nature of the variables. Data Processing and AnalysisEpi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14 statistical package softwares were used for data entry and analysis, respectively.
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